The Effect of Guidance Program on the Improvement of Psychological Empowerment In Third Degree Basketball Referees
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37359/JOPE.V38(SpecialIssue)2026.2271Keywords:
Psychological empowerment, third degree referee, basketball, guidance programAbstract
The study highlights the importance of developing the psychological aspect of basketball referees to help them manage stress during matches. It addresses the issue of weak psychological empowerment among third-degree referees, which affects their performance The study aimed to examine the effect of a guidance program on enhancing psychological empowerment, focusing on five aspects: active communication, decision-making, independence, self-efficacy, and stress management. The experimental method was applied to 15 third-degree referees from the Iraqi Basketball League, using interviews and a psychological empowerment scale for data collection The results showed significant improvements in psychological empowerment in favor of post-tests, confirming the program's effectiveness. The guidance sessions enhanced theoretical aspects like decision-making and independence while improving referees' ability to handle match pressure. The study concluded that psychological empowerment enhances referees' performance and recommended integrating psychological guidance programs into referee training for all age groups.
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